Have you considered the escape options on the reciprocal runways, as well as the other runways at your airport? With that in mind, a football field or a school yard may look inviting, but there could be people on the field. What makes a landing site a good one? Look for a flat area long enough to land. Knowing this may well change the way you depart every runway. If you double your height above the ground, say from to feet, the potential area that you can land in is four times greater. For example, in no-wind conditions, a glide ratio, and a degree angle to both sides of the runway heading, at feet, the pie-shaped area ahead of an airplane is approximately 31, square feet.
At feet, that area increases to , feet! First and foremost, look around for logical places every time you arrive and depart an airport by either airplane or car. Look for locations with enough room to get an aircraft safely on the ground.
Depending upon the location of the airport, the quality of the picture can vary from spectacular, almost to the point of identifying people, to something substantially less sharp. Sectional and Terminal charts can be helpful, but they lack the detail to make them particularly useful. Once you find a spot that looks promising, focus on the area between the airport and that TDZ, and beyond. Look for hidden gotchas like power lines, ditches, fences, walls, buildings, towers, trees, etc.
Also be aware that sometimes what looks okay on the screen could, in fact, be untenable. An inviting stream bed, for example, might actually be in a deep ravine. If possible, follow up with personal observation. Water is always an interesting option. If you fly an airplane with retractable gear, evaluate whether landing with the gear up or down is the right choice.
The POH may weigh in on this topic. Judging the height above water for flaring can be an issue. And, what about accessible life jackets? Keep in mind that, in addition to vehicles and people, they often have light poles scattered throughout and sometimes power lines around the periphery. An engine loss will cause surprise and denial, so you need to be mentally prepared with a plan.
The most obvious choice is roads. When they work, they can be a lifesaver, but remember that there are cars, often traveling in the opposite direction, power lines paralleling many roads, overpasses, road dividers, etc. But, they could be clogged with traffic; sometimes stop and go, or even completely stopped. Yaw control is usually not affected by a stall. Some airplanes can be stalled for a very long time, while in others the nose will fall through, and if the pilot keeps the elevator positioned full nose up, it will stall again.
The latter condition will produce a series of stalls. The answer to your question is "it depends. Q : Landing at JFK the other day, about 15 minutes before touchdown it seemed to me the engines got a little quieter and the nose of the plane lifted up slightly. I thought to myself "we're going to stall," but we continued on and landed without incident. Not long after, the engines blew as they ran out of fuel and the plane crashed into hills outside Athens, killing everyone on board.
Most of the time, though, decompression is survivable. One Southwest Airlines flight got a inch hole in the fuselage while flying at 34, feet and absolutely no one died. Two years later another Southwest flight got a inch long gash in it where a joint failed, and again, everyone made it to their destination alive.
Then the trained professionals will, most likely, get the aircraft to the ground in one piece. Sara is an associate editor at PopSci where she writes about everything from vaccine hesitancy to extreme animal sex. Contact the author here.
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